ABSTRACT
Introduction: health-promoting lifestyle helps elderly population to enjoy longer life, without burden of diseases or disabilities. This study was designed and performed to determine the effect of educational intervention on lifestyle of elderly population based on health belief model
Method: this quasi-experimental study was performed on 80 elderly individual who visited the clinical centers of Eslamshahr, Iran in 2013-2014. In the pre-test stage, randomized sampling was carried out among the elderly who visited the clinical centers of Eslamshahr. The participants were divided into two interventions [39 persons] and control [41 persons] groups using block randomization method. The intervention group participated in educational courses designed based on Health Belief Model. Three months after the end of the intervention stage, post-test was given to both intervention and control groups. Data were entered into SPSS version 19. Then it was analyzed using repeated measures and Chi-square test
Results: three months after the intervention, mean perceived susceptibility between both groups was statistically significant. [P<0.001]. Mean perceived severity was also significantly different [P=0.002]. Mean of perceived barriers and perceived benefits was significantly different in both groups [P<0.001]. Similarly, three months after the intervention, self-efficacy components and cues to action were significantly different [P<0.001]. Prevention [P=0.03], exercise, and nutrition [P=0.03] showed significant differences. However, no significant differences were noted in stress and interpersonal relations between the two groups [P<0.005]. Three months after intervention, mean lifestyle scores increased significantly in intervention group [P=0.03]
Conclusion: Education based on health belief model may affect healthy lifestyle promotion in the elderly population
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Complications due to lack of awareness are one of the most important factors in re-hospitalization of these patients. This study conducted to determine effect of small group intervention program on knowledge and health literacy among patients with heart failure
Method: This randomized clinical trial carried out on 150 patients with heart failure hospitalized at hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. After obtaining informed consent, subjects randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Before the study, demographic, health literacy, and knowledge questionnaires were completed by the participants. The control group received routine care; while, in the intervention group training were conducted in small groups, in addition to the manual about disease and self-care that created by the research team. Finally after 6 months questionnaires were completed by two groups and the data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics
Results: Mean and standard deviation of knowledge and health literacy in the control group were 1.78 +/- 0.87 and 1.77 +/- 0.83 and in the intervention group they were 2.48 +/- 0.68 and 2.53 +/- 0.72, respectively. Covariance analysis also showed significant differences in the level of knowledge and health literacy scores of patients in the intervention group compared to the control group [P=0.01]
Conclusion: Improving knowledge and health literacy using small group education method is recommended in the care plane of patients in the hospitals and rehabilitation centers
ABSTRACT
Living with type 2 diabetes is a big challenge. In this regards, concentration on patients' knowledge and beliefs are main components of planning for living with the disease. The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge and beliefs' barriers to living with type 2 diabetes and its related factors. This was a cross sectional study conducted with 600 patients selected using random sampling. Data gathering tool was consisted of two sections: demographic and health related items, diabetes control index as HbA[1C] [10 items], and the questionnaire of knowledge and beliefs barriers [10 items]. Interviews were performed to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze data. Mean and standard deviation of patients' knowledge and beliefs' barriers was 31.26 and 7.61, respectively. There were significant relationships between patients' knowledge and beliefs' barriers and disease duration, level of education, type of treatment, occupation, age groups, income and HbA1C [P<0.001]. Results of the logistic regression model revealed that odds ratio of knowledge and beliefs' barriers had a significant relationship with disease duration [P=0.001], under diploma education [P<0.001], Insulin therapy [P=0.004], mixed therapy of oral agents and insulin [P=0.02], age more than 65 years old [P=0.001] and poor diabetes control [P<0.001]. The severity of patients' knowledge and beliefs barriers had a significant relationship with elderly age, disease duration, less education, non-oral agents' therapy, and poor diabetes control. Conducting experimental studies on the factors in patients with type 2 diabetes is suggested
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Culture , Communication Barriers , Glycated Hemoglobin , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Impact AssessmentABSTRACT
Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understanding basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. The aim of this study was to assess relationship between health literacy and knowledge of women with type 2 diabetes. In this cross sectional survey, 160 women with type 2 diabetes were selected by convenience sampling method. Data collected by using a STOHFLA standard questionnaire and knowledge was measured by self-administrated questionnaire. Obtained data analyzed by SPSS16 software in two categories of descriptive and inferential statistics [Chi-square and Pearson coefficient]. The mean age of studied population was 52.73 +/- 8.56 years old. The means of health literacy and knowledge was 40.57 +/- 15.87 and 21.52 +/- 2.94, respectively. There was a relation between occupation, education and family history with knowledge and health literacy score, and also between incomes with knowledge. There was reverse significant relation between age and disease duration with knowledge and health literacy. Results indicated that patients did not have the appropriate knowledge in type 2 diabetes, as well as health literacy which was also moderate. These results confirmed the need to develop of education for improving and increasing the appropriate knowledge and health literacy among studied women
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Iranian aged 25-64 estimated to be about 7.7%. The aim of current study was the assessment of socioeconomic status of diabetic patients and their complications. A cross sectional study was conducted on type 2 diabetic patients with complications in four major teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS] during July 2009 to March 2010. All patients [530] were interviewed through a questionnaire with 85% response rate [450 patients]. Skilled nurses were assigned as responsible for data collection. Collected data analyzed by Exact Fisher and x2 tests using SPSS version 11.5. The majority of patients had experienced one or more complications. Findings revealed that 50%, 33.6% and 16.4% of the patients suffered from one, two, and three complications of type 2 diabetes, respectively. Patients with cardiovascular complications included 22.2%, with both cardiovascular and eye complications [12.7%], and with cardiovascular, eye and foot ulcer together 14% of the respondents. Frequency of complications demonstrated significant relation with sex, age, educational level, type of occupation, duration of diabetes [P 0.001] and social class [P=0.002]. The majority of patients [54.2%] belonged to low income group. It seems patients with low socioeconomic status face more challenges in their social environment together with less psychological support. Health care systems are responsible to empower them to control their illness and feel a better life to live
ABSTRACT
Patient empowerment can enhance the outcomes of care such as metabolic control as well as quality of their life. This study evaluates the Iranian version for development of a valid and reliable diabetes empowerment scale. Validity and reliability of Iranian version of Diabetes Empowerment Scale [DES-LF] were measured through a cross-sectional study. DES-LF was evaluated through a qualitative and quantitative study by 160 type 2 diabetic patients. Reliability and validity of the scale and its 3 subscales, namely, managing the psychosocial aspects of diabetes [alpha=0.94], assessing dissatisfaction and readiness to change [alpha=0.96], and setting and achieving diabetes goals [alpha=0.96] were approved by a psychometric analysis. Findings approved the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of DES-LF for patient education and psychosocial interventions among Iranian people with type 2 diabetes
ABSTRACT
Diabetes is a life threatening illness in both developed and developing countries. Self-management in diabetes is a process which facilitates adoption of self-management behaviors. This process includes need assessment, goals setting and life experiences of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine some relevant factors on self-management among type 2 diabetic patients in order to facilitate planning intervention programs in health promotion field. This study was a cross sectional analysis which assessed some related factors of self-management as a predictor among 140 diabetic patients affiliated to an ambulatory health center in Isfahan in 2011. The tool of data collection was a multidimensional questionnaire included socio demographic and health characteristics [12 items], diabetes distress [17 items], self-efficacy [8 items], and self-management [35 items].Collected data was analyzed by SPSS software version 11.5 with using statistical tests. Findings showed that some variables such as age [p=0.004], duration of disease [p<0.001], sex [p=0.003], co morbidity [p=0.004], BMI [p=0.02], level of education; higher than diploma [p=0.02], medication treatment [p<0.001], health status [p<0.001], diabetes distress, [p<0.001] and self-efficacy [p<0.001] had significant relation with self-management. Predictors [R[2] = 46%]. Multivariate regression dedicated some variables such as age [6=-0.155, P=0.02], health status [6= 0.238, P=0.009], diabetes distress [6= -0.243, P=0.001], self-efficacy [6- 0.372, p<0.001] and BMI [6- - 0.17, P=0.01]. Adopting of self-management behaviors has significant reverse in relation to age, duration of disease, BMI, and diabetes distress. Meanwhile there was significant direct relation with health status and self-efficacy. Therefore, the best proposed regression model is decreasing diabetes distress and enhancing self-efficacy in order to plan intervention programs among type 2 diabetes patients
ABSTRACT
Death is a phenomenon even thinking about which can produce anxiety. Death anxiety in staff nurses can be influential on their communication with and quality care delivery for dying patients and also affects nurses' job satisfaction and mental health. The aim of this study was to determine death anxiety in nurses working in critical care and general wards and related factors. This was a cross-sectional study in which 387 nurses [155 nurses working in critical care wards and 232 nurses working in general wards] from a teaching hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences were recruited by census sampling. Demographic information sheet and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale were used to collect data. Then the data were analyzed using Chi-square, T-test and regression. The results showed a statistically significant difference between mean score of death anxiety of nurses working in critical care [8.30 +/- 2.4] and those working in general wards [8.26 +/- 2.1]. Death anxiety was correlated with some variables such as marital status [p=0.046], organizational situation [p=0.001] and the ward which nurses now worked [p=0.02], but it was not significantly correlated with age, sex, shift, care of end stage patients, and partnership in patient resuscitation. Death anxiety affects physical and emotional aspects of nurse's life, thereby affecting process of caring. Results showed that death anxiety was higher in critical care nurses and they faced more dying and death than general ward nurses. So, they need special attention about death anxiety and its causes, and require institutional support to enable them for providing quality care for patients